Causes of coastal erosionĬoastal protection provides defence against flooding and erosion, which can be caused by: To complicate matters, these coastal areas are also home to rich and fragile natural habitats. Coastal areas also support tourism with a focus on beaches, hotels and cruise harbours. These densely populated coastal cities are economic hubs, often representing major ports with their related industrial businesses, such as shipping and commercial fishing. With the risks of climate change and the pressure of pollution from urban areas, these communities are more and more vulnerable. According to the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), half the world's population lives within 60 kilometres of the sea, and three-quarters of all large cities are located on the coast.
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